Higher coffee consumption associated with lower risk of death, according to 2017 study by the European Society of Cardiology

Higher coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of death, according to research presented at a recent conference by the European Society of Cardiology. The observational study in nearly 20 000 participants suggests that coffee can be part of a healthy diet in healthy people.

Commenting on the study, Dr Adela Navarro, a cardiologist at Hospital de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain noted that coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages around the world.

“Previous studies have suggested that drinking coffee might be inversely associated with all-cause mortality but this has not been investigated in a Mediterranean country,” noted Navarro.

The study examined the association between coffee consumption and the risk of mortality in a middle-aged Mediterranean cohort. The study was conducted within the framework of the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Project, a long-term prospective cohort study in more than 22 500 Spanish university graduates which started in 1999.

This analysis included 19 896 participants of the SUN Project, whose average age at enrolment was 37.7 years old. On entering the study, participants completed a previously validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to collect information on coffee consumption, lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and previous health conditions.

Patients were followed-up for an average of ten years. The researchers found that participants who consumed at least four cups of coffee per day had a 64% lower risk of all-cause mortality than those who never or almost never consumed coffee. There was a 22% lower risk of all-cause mortality for each two additional cups of coffee per day.

The researchers examined whether sex, age or adherence to the Mediterranean diet had any influence on the association between baseline coffee consumption and mortality. They observed a significant interaction between coffee consumption and age. In those who were at least 45 years old, drinking two additional cups of coffee per day was associated with a 30% lower risk of mortality during follow-up. The association was not significant among younger participants.

She concluded: “Our findings suggest that drinking four cups of coffee each day can be part of a healthy diet in healthy people.”